Production of Silage

Silage fermentation is a complex process of microbial activities and biochemical changes. The aerobic respiration of plant cells under the condition of isolated air leads to the depletion of oxygen, which promotes the large-scale reproduction of lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Through anaerobic fermentation, lactic acid bacteria transform the carbon hydrates (mainly sugars) in silage materials into organic acids mainly composed of lactic acid, When the content of organic acid is 0.65% ～ 1.30% (excellent silage can reach 1.5% ～ 2.0%), or when the pH value is lower than 4.2, most microorganisms stop breeding, and even the lactic acid bacteria themselves are inhibited, so that the feed can be preserved for a long time.

The fermentation process of silage is restricted by physical factors, chemical factors and microbial factors. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the changes and theories in the process from the filling of raw materials to the completion of silage. The process of silage fermentation is related to a variety of microorganisms. It has been identified that about 140 species of bacteria, yeasts and molds belonging to 47 genera participate in silage fermentation.

In recent 30 years, lactic acid bacteria silage additive has become a research hotspot in the world with its excellent performance, and has been widely concerned. Many studies think that the number of lactic acid bacteria on the surface of silage raw materials is limited, and there are bad bacteria mixed. In order to make lactic acid bacteria reproduce as soon as possible, there must be more than 10^5 lactic acid bacteria per gram of raw materials. At the same time, some studies have shown that when the amount of lactic acid bacteria attached to the surface of raw materials is small, adding lactic acid bacteria preparation can ensure the amount of lactic acid bacteria needed for the initial fermentation of silage, and make it enter the lactic acid fermentation stage as soon as possible. The lactic acid concentration increases, the pH value decreases rapidly, and the protein hydrolysis is inhibited, which leads to the decrease of ammonia nitrogen concentration and butyric acid concentration in silage, Improve feed quality and palatability, reduce dry matter loss.